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Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development (AJAD) - Call for papers!

Evaluation of agro-morphological, molecular, and input factors for seed production and detection of seed after ripening period of Timor-Leste rice landraces

(Timor-Leste), Doctor of Philosophy in Seed Science and Technology (Institut Pertanian Bogor)

Dissertation Abstract:

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main staple food in Timor-Leste. Various rice landraces are found but the available data and information on their existence is still very limited. This study aimed to obtain information on genetic diversity based on agro-morphological and molecular characteristics of 22 rice landraces of Timor-Leste, identify potential landraces, and study the response of potential landraces to fertilization for seed production as well as detect the after-ripening period of potential rice landraces of Timor-Leste. The research was conducted in April 2018 - November 2019 in Caibada Village, Baucau District, Timor-Leste and at the Bio-molecular Laboratory, Seed Testing and Storage Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, and Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, and the ICBB Laboratory, Bogor, West Java. The research materials were seeds of 22 Timor-Leste rice landraces and one check variety, Hare nacroma. This research consists of four experiments. The first experiment characterized and identified genetic diversity based on the agro­morphological characteristics of 22 Timor-Leste rice landraces. The second experiment analyzed the genetic diversity of 22 Timor-Leste rice races using 10 RAPD markers. The third experiment was to determine the optimum dosage of the five potential landraces (from the first experiment) for rice production. The fourth experiment was the detection of the seed after-ripening period of five potential landraces. The results showed that the highest phenotypic coefficient (PC) was 0.17. All landraces have a very distant degree of similarity and are clustered into six groups. The lowest grain weight per m2 was produced by Ale kukefuhu at 290 g per m2 and the highest by Hare nona portu at 979 g per m2. Molecular analysis based on 10 RAPD markers yielded 77 DNA band fragments from 23 rice samples with a range of 300bp-1500bp, an average of 3,35 alleles per landrace. The polymorphic band per primer was 8,1. The primers of OPA8, OPH1 and OPH7 produced the highest percentage of polymorphism (100%), while the primer of OPF5 was 67% lower. The coefficient of similarity for all landraces ranges from 0,12-0,51, meaning that the 22 landraces have a high degree of diversity. The combination of 300 kg NPK/ha + 100 kg urea/ha + 10 tons bokashi/ha fertilizer can increase production through the components of panicle length, number of grains per panicle, and grain weight per m2. Landraces Ale mamea ula lesa, Hare R-oitu, and Fos mean have higher potential for grain production than Hare nona portu and Hare belit . The three landraces could be utilized further as national varieties with high production. The after-ripening period for Hare nona portu and Hare belit ends 2 weeks after harvest (WAH), Hare R-oitu is 6 WAH, while Ale mamea ula lesa and Fos mean 8 WAH. Hare nona portu and Hare belit have the prospect to be developed as national varieties in Timor-Leste, for temperate and lowland areas, respectively.